Breed library

Dog Breed Library — Ottawa

Evidence-based profiles for 54 dog breeds — temperament tendencies, exercise needs, grooming, health watch-outs and suitability for first-time owners. Each profile is cited from breed registries, veterinary research and peer-reviewed studies, and is queued for DVM sign-off.

Honest caveat: research finds breed explains only about 9% of a dog's individual behaviour (Morrill et al., Science 2022). These profiles describe tendencies in a breed population, not guarantees about any individual dog. Always meet the dog.

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Showing all 54 breeds

Toy

Poodle (Toy / Miniature)

Toy Poodle, Miniature Poodle

Toy12–15 yearsEnergy: High

Brilliant, elegant and among the most trainable of all dogs, the Toy and Miniature Poodle are devoted companio

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Toy

Maltese

Maltese Lion Dog, Bichon Maltais

Toy12–15 yearsEnergy: Low

A gentle, deeply affectionate toy companion bred for thousands of years to delight and comfort. The Maltese bo

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Toy

Shih Tzu

Chrysanthemum Dog, Chinese Lion Dog

Small10–16 yearsEnergy: LowBrachy

An affectionate, easy-going lap companion bred for centuries to delight royal households. The Shih Tzu is frie

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Non-sporting/Utility

Bichon Frise

Bichon à poil frisé, Bichon Tenerife

Small14–15 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A cheerful, merry companion with a powder-puff curly white coat and a sunny, adaptable nature. The Bichon Fris

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Toy

Chihuahua

Chi

Toy14–16 yearsEnergy: Moderate

The world's smallest dog breed with one of its biggest personalities - alert, bold and utterly devoted to its

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Toy

Pomeranian

Pom, Zwergspitz

Toy12–16 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A vivacious, foxy-faced Spitz with a glorious stand-off double coat and an outsize personality in a compact bo

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Terrier

Miniature Schnauzer

Zwergschnauzer

Small12–15 yearsEnergy: High

A sturdy, spirited and highly trainable small terrier with a distinctive wiry low-shedding coat and a keen, al

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Toy

Yorkshire Terrier

Yorkie

Toy11–15 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A tiny terrier with an enormous personality - bold, lively and deeply devoted to its family. The Yorkshire Ter

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Terrier

Jack Russell Terrier

JRT, Jack Russell

Small13–16 yearsEnergy: Very high

A quick-witted, tenacious and loyal working terrier packed with energy and character. The Jack Russell is a su

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Hound

Miniature Dachshund

Mini Dachshund, Sausage Dog

Small12–16 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A bold, curious and tenacious scent hound with an unmistakable long-bodied silhouette and a big personality. T

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Toy

Pug

Mops, Carlin

Small12–15 yearsEnergy: LowBrachy

A charming, sociable and devoted companion with an ancient imperial heritage and an irresistible expressive fa

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Non-sporting/Utility

Japanese Spitz

Nihon Supittsu

Small12–16 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A striking, cloud-white companion Spitz with an alert, affectionate nature and a naturally self-cleaning coat

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Toy

Havanese

Bichon Havanais, Havaneser

Small14–16 yearsEnergy: Moderate

Cuba's national dog and a perennially delightful companion - bright, trainable and deeply people-oriented, wit

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Toy

Bolognese

Bichon Bolognese, Bolognese Toy Dog

Toy12–14 yearsEnergy: Low

A rare and aristocratic Italian companion with centuries of Renaissance court heritage. The Bolognese is calm,

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Gundog/Sporting

Golden Retriever

Golden

Large10–12 yearsEnergy: High

A gentle, eager-to-please family gundog exceptional with children, other pets and strangers alike. The Golden

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Gundog/Sporting

Labrador Retriever

Labrador, Lab

Large11–13 yearsEnergy: High

For decades the world's most-registered dog - friendly, intensely biddable and reliable with children and othe

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Herding

Border Collie

Collie (working)

Medium12–15 yearsEnergy: Very high

Routinely ranked the most intelligent and trainable of all dogs, the Border Collie is a phenomenal partner for

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Herding

German Shepherd Dog

GSD, Alsatian

Large9–13 yearsEnergy: High

A confident, intensely trainable working breed and the default choice for police, military and service roles f

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Herding

Pembroke Welsh Corgi

Corgi, Pembroke

Small12–14 yearsEnergy: High

A bold, intelligent and surprisingly energetic herding breed in a compact, fox-eared package. The Pembroke Wel

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Hound

Beagle

Small12–15 yearsEnergy: High

A merry, curious and sociable scent hound that is excellent with children and other dogs. The Beagle is friend

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Non-sporting/Utility

French Bulldog

Frenchie, Bouledogue Français

Small10–12 years (but UK VetCompass median life expectancy is far lower — see health)Energy: LowBrachy

An affectionate, comical and entertaining companion that bonds deeply with its family and adapts well to apart

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Non-sporting/Utility

Shiba Inu

Shiba, Japanese Shiba Inu

Small13–16 yearsEnergy: Moderate

Japan's smallest and most ancient native breed - a spirited, self-possessed and quietly devoted companion with

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Herding

Australian Shepherd

Aussie

Medium12–15 yearsEnergy: Very high

A highly intelligent, athletic and strikingly beautiful herding breed that excels at dog sports, working roles

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Working

Samoyed

Sammy, Samoyedskaya

Medium12–14 yearsEnergy: High

A strikingly beautiful, sociable and gentle Arctic working breed with a profuse pure-white double coat and the

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Working

Siberian Husky

Husky

Medium12–15 yearsEnergy: Very high

A breathtakingly beautiful and endlessly energetic Arctic sled dog with striking eyes, a plush double coat and

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Mixed/Local

Singapore Special

Local mixed-breed, Singapore Street Dog

Medium12–16 years (often robust)Energy: Moderate

A resilient, adaptable and hardy Southeast Asian mixed-breed with the genetic diversity of a true landrace - r

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Working

Rottweiler

Rottie, Rottweiler Metzgerhund

Large8–10 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A confident, deeply loyal German guardian with a calm, steady temperament and a profound devotion to its famil

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Working

Boxer

German Boxer, Deutscher Boxer

Large10–12 yearsEnergy: HighBrachy

An exuberant, playful and people-loving working breed that stays puppyish for years and is famously good with

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Working

Dobermann

Doberman Pinscher, Dobie

Large10–12 yearsEnergy: High

A sleek, athletic and exceptionally intelligent guardian breed created in 1890s Germany. Modern, well-bred Dob

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Working

Great Dane

Deutsche Dogge, German Mastiff

Giant7–10 yearsEnergy: Moderate

The "Apollo of dogs" - a giant, elegant breed that is gentle, affectionate and surprisingly calm indoors despi

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Working

Bernese Mountain Dog

Berner Sennenhund, Bernese

Large7–10 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A large, strikingly handsome tricolour Swiss farm dog - gentle, affectionate and devoted, famously good with c

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Working

Cane Corso

Italian Mastiff, Italian Corso Dog

Large9–12 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A large, powerful Italian guardian mastiff - intelligent, intensely loyal to its family and naturally protecti

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Working

Mastiff

English Mastiff, Old English Mastiff

Giant6–10 yearsEnergy: Low

One of the largest dog breeds by mass - a gentle, dignified English guardian that is calm, good-natured and de

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Working

Saint Bernard

St. Bernard, Bernhardiner

Giant8–10 yearsEnergy: Low

The legendary alpine rescue dog of the Great St Bernard Hospice - a gentle, patient giant that is wonderful wi

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Working

Newfoundland

Newfie, Newf

Giant8–10 yearsEnergy: Low

A massive, sweet-natured water dog famed for its strength, swimming ability and profound devotion to children

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Non-sporting/Utility

Dalmatian

Dalmatiner, Carriage Dog

Medium11–13 yearsEnergy: Very high

The iconic spotted "carriage dog" - athletic, energetic and people-oriented, historically bred to trot alongsi

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Non-sporting/Utility

Boston Terrier

Boston Bull, American Gentleman

Small11–14 yearsEnergy: ModerateBrachy

A small, dapper and friendly companion - the tuxedo-marked "American Gentleman" - that is affectionate, good w

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Non-sporting/Utility

English Bulldog

Bulldog, British Bulldog

Medium8–10 yearsEnergy: LowBrachy

The famously placid, affectionate and courageous national dog of Britain - devoted, gentle with children and c

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Hound

Whippet

Snap Dog

Medium12–15 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A sleek, elegant sighthound - essentially a small Greyhound - that is gentle, quiet and affectionate indoors y

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Hound

Greyhound

English Greyhound

Large10–13 yearsEnergy: Moderate

The world's fastest dog breed and an ancient sighthound - but, contrary to its athletic look, a famously gentl

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Hound

Basset Hound

Basset

Medium10–12 yearsEnergy: Low

A low-slung, droopy-eared French scent hound with one of the finest noses in dogdom and a famously laid-back,

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Gundog/Sporting

English Cocker Spaniel

Cocker Spaniel, Cocker

Small12–14 yearsEnergy: High

A merry, affectionate and biddable gundog - the original "cocker" that flushed and retrieved woodcock - that m

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Gundog/Sporting

English Springer Spaniel

Springer, Springer Spaniel

Medium12–14 yearsEnergy: Very high

An energetic, highly trainable gundog bred to flush and retrieve game - happiest with a job and plenty of dail

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Gundog/Sporting

Vizsla

Hungarian Vizsla, Magyar Vizsla

Medium12–14 yearsEnergy: Very high

A lean, elegant golden-rust Hungarian pointer-retriever - affectionate, intensely people-bonded and bursting w

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Gundog/Sporting

Weimaraner

Weimaraner Vorstehhund, Grey Ghost

Large10–13 yearsEnergy: Very high

The striking silver-grey "Grey Ghost" - a powerful, athletic German pointing breed that bonds intensely to its

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Gundog/Sporting

German Shorthaired Pointer

GSP, Deutsch Kurzhaar

Large12–14 yearsEnergy: Very high

A versatile, athletic German hunting dog bred to point, retrieve and track on land and water - supremely energ

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Working

Akita

Akita Inu, Japanese Akita

Large10–13 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A large, dignified Japanese spitz - the breed of the famously loyal Hachiko - profoundly devoted and protectiv

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Non-sporting/Utility

Chow Chow

Chow, Songshi Quan (puffy-lion dog)

Medium8–12 yearsEnergy: Low

An ancient, lion-maned Chinese spitz with a distinctive blue-black tongue and a famously dignified, cat-like i

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Herding

Shetland Sheepdog

Sheltie, Shetland Collie

Small12–14 yearsEnergy: High

A small, intelligent herding dog resembling a miniature Rough Collie - exceptionally trainable, sensitive and

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Terrier

Bull Terrier

English Bull Terrier, Bully

Medium11–14 yearsEnergy: High

An unmistakable egg-headed, muscular terrier - exuberant, comical, affectionate and famously playful, sometime

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Terrier

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

Staffie, Staffy

Medium12–14 yearsEnergy: High

A muscular, medium-small bull-and-terrier breed with an outsized affectionate streak - historically nicknamed

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Toy

Cavapoo

Cavoodle, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel × Poodle

Small12–15 yearsEnergy: Moderate

A popular Cavalier King Charles Spaniel x Poodle cross - affectionate, sociable and people-oriented, often wit

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Gundog/Sporting

Goldendoodle

Groodle, Golden Retriever × Poodle

Medium10–15 yearsEnergy: High

A hugely popular Golden Retriever x Poodle cross - friendly, highly trainable and family-oriented, often with

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